New Political And Military Structures - 1036 Words

Early humans began to form small groups that created a simple culture for survival; however, as human cultures grew, civilizations formed. A civilization is an intricate culture where large numbers of people contribute a variety of traditional components. Historians came up with seven basic characteristics of civilization. The seven are as follows: an urban focus, new political and military structures, a new social structure based on economic power, the development of more complexity in a material sense, a distinct religious structure, the development of writing, and new significant artistic and intellectual activity (Pg.8). Urban focus was when cities became the centers for political, economic, social, cultural, and religious development (Pg.8). The first creators of a Mesopotamian civilization where the Sumerians. By 3000 B.C.E, they had created a large amount of independent cities in southern Mesopotamia. Once the cities began to expand, they began to use political and economic co ntrol over the nearby country sides (pg.10-11). New political and military structures organized government bureaucracy to meet the administrative commands of the rising population. Armies where also being made to gain land and power for defense. In Sumerian society, kings had power. The kinds where the ones to organize the armies workers. The army, government bureaucracy, and the priest and priestesses all aided the kings in their rule (pg.11). Another characteristic of the civilizationShow MoreRelatedEast Asia Essay792 Words   |  4 Pagesto form their own national identity along with their own system of ruling elites. In China there is a definite beginning to the new political elite which stems from the transition from the Tang to Song dynasties culminating in 960. The Zhao Brothers, who are the leaders of the revolution and the only ones able to consolidate power, know that they are only military strong men and realize that they need a system that will help prevent them from loosing power. As a result they look away from theRead MoreStony Brook 386774 Words   |  4 Pagesthe rise and fall of dynasties in the Middle East according to Ibn Khaldun?- According to Ibn Khaldun the rise and fall of the dynasties in the middle east can be directly correlated to the different social structures that tribes would embrace. Which will lead to a better military structure. Compare and contrast the organization of the Arabian tribes with that of the Turko-mongolian tribes of inner asia? The Arabian and turk0- monoglian had some similarities but they also had many differencesRead MoreChanges and Continuity in Western Europe Essay769 Words   |  4 PagesAge of Discovery. As a result of contact and colonization, Western Europe’s economy, political, social, and military systems changed, but also maintained certain aspects that enabled them to build strong civilizations. Such changes include increased (international) trade routes, more centralized governments such as monarchies, decreased unifying influence of the Catholic Church, and increased interest in military conquest and expansion. In terms of the economy, industrialization and manufacturingRead MoreHow Do Political, Economic and Social Realities of a Society Shape Its Perceptions and Ability to Make War?1105 Words   |  5 PagesPolitical Economic and Social Realities of 17th Century France Political, economic and social realities of a society can significantly shape its perceptions and ability to make war. At his death, King Louis XIV’s final words were, â€Å"I have loved war too much.† In this reflection, King Louis XIV no doubt considered his many conquests as the longest reigning monarch in France, but more importantly, his words gives rise to the systemic political and social changes that revolutionized warfare in seventeenth-centuryRead MoreInfluence of Colonialism in Africa and Latin America Essay519 Words   |  3 PagesInfluence of Colonialism in Africa and Latin America The institutions of imperialism and colonialism have shaped the face of growth and development of the social, political, and economic forces in Africa. As outlined by Boahen, the extent of the â€Å"influence† that these institutions asserted varies and has both positive and negative aspects. Several of these aspects that exists in Africa are mirrored in Latin America, while others differ quite extremely. An important observation that can beRead MoreCompare and Contrast Ancient India and Egypt Combined Politics and Religion628 Words   |  3 Pagesancient Indian and Egyptian civilizations it was very strong shaping force in political structures, but both the religious beliefs and the resulting political system were different, just like pharaohs were different from rajas. The way Egyptians and Indians blended religion with politics bears certain similarities. First of all, the central role of priests, who were the Egyptians pharaohs most important advisors during the New Kingdom and at one point gained more power than the pharaoh himself. In theRead MoreThe Military Tactics And Organized Governance Ensured The Success Of The Mongol Empire1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe effective combination of brutal military tactics and organized governance ensured the success of the Mongol Empire. This was possible due to the skills gained under their pastoral nomadic political structure. Their success was further fuelled by their motivation for world domination stemming from their worldview and values. Their ruthless military practices were efficient in conquering Eurasia, and the political changes made to these nations ensured continual rule. The rapid usurpation of territoryRead MoreBiography of and Principles Taught By Niccolo Machiavelli Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesFollowing his career as an official in the Florentine Republic, Machiavelli was a founder of modern political science and political ethics. In the political treatise The Prince, written in 1532, Machiavelli outlines several key traits of a successful princedom such as; how to incorporate newly acquired provinces, the most successful way to conquer territories, the establishment of successful defense and military forces, as well as qualities which would make for the most desirable prince. Machiavelli alsoRead MoreGlobal Security : The United Nations And Nato Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagesnatural resources etc., however Global Security has different structure and departments which deal with these problems. So Global Security includes not only military interventions but also diplomatic, political and natural measures, and has its own international organizations such as the United Nations and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). The first has a wider scope in dealing wit h problems, otherwise NATO deals mostly as a military measure, to intervene where it is necessary and maintain theRead MoreRole Of The Military During Medieval Europe1229 Words   |  5 Pages The Role of the Military in Medieval Europe Research Essay In my research essay, I will write about the role of the military in medieval Europe and will outline what the military were like and how they were established and organized. I will show how the military were connected to the government structure. I will also write about the technological and strategic advances that the military made during the medieval ages and how those had an impact on the role of the military today. In medieval

Vichy France The French Turning Against themselves, to...

Vichy France is a period of French history that has only fairly recently begun to be examined for what it truly is: a period in which many of the French turned against their own state and collaborated with the German forces to betray their own country. Until the eighties, the Vichy Regime was regarded as â€Å"an aberration in the evolution of the French Republic† (Munholland, 1994) , repressed by the French in an attempt to regain their national pride. ‘Lacombe Lucien’ (1974), directed by Louis Malle is a film which aims to capture the ambiguity of the era through the documentation of fictional collaborateur, Lucien. Lucien is an uneducated country boy with highly apolitical views, as is apparent from his lack of attention to the radio†¦show more content†¦However, Malle disputes this idea that Lucien or other collaborators in his situation were evil, with the notion that â€Å"Lucien was a victim of circumstance, his misadventure an accident that could have befallen others like him† (Jankiwski, 1991). This is apparent within the film as we know that Lucien often felt ostracised, through Malle’s use of the mise-en-scene. For example, there are several shots taken from inside a window with Lucien looking inwards from the outside. This highlights his exclusion from the others within village and therefore created a need for him to have somewhere to belong. This idea is consolidated with the fact that he only joined the Milice after being rejected from the French resistance, implying that he was indeed searching for a cause. Furthermore, his father is in prison for the duration of the film, so his initiation into the Milice may have been an attempt to have create an authority figure for himself. When all these factors are assembled, it is obvious that he would have been highly impressionable, particularly to the advances of the Milice, who were altruistic towards him when no one else was. In a sense, Lucien was seduced by the Milice. This is similar to the experiences of many other collaborators, as they were seduced into collaborating through short-term ecomonical benefits such as the promise of a better paying job in Germany that involved helping the war efforts of the opposingShow MoreRelatedThe Major Turning Points Of World History2072 Words   |  9 PagesMajor Turning Points There are many events, revolutions, and wars that have set the stage for the world we live in today. Some of these events were caused by radical citizens, some by leaders, and some by problems with other countries. But all of these occur due to economic, political, or social issues. If many of the wars and revolutions that have occurred had not taken place, we could still be stuck making clothes in our homes or struggling for world dominance. There are many negative turning pointsRead MoreBlitzkrieg: Nazi Germany and Great Britain2601 Words   |  11 Pagesdisorganization among the enemy defenses. German air power prevented the enemy from adequately resupplying or redeploying forces and thereby from sending reinforcements to seal breaches in the front. German forces could in turn encircle opposing troops and force surrender. Germany successfully used the Blitzkrieg tactic against Poland (attacked in September 1939), Denmark (April 1940), Norway (April 1940), Belgium (May 1940), the Netherlands (May 1940), Luxembourg (May 1940), France (May 1940), Yugoslavia (AprilRead More Blitzkrieg Essay2566 Words   |  11 Pagesdisorganization among the enemy defenses. German air power prevented the enemy from adequately resupplying or redeploying forces and thereby from sending reinforcements to seal breaches in the front. German forces could in turn encircle opposing troops and force surrender. Germany successfully used the Blitzkrieg tactic against Poland (attacked in September 1939), Denmark (April 1940), Norway (April 1940), Belgium (May 1940), the Netherlands (May 1940), Luxembourg (May 1940), France (May 1940), Yugoslavia (AprilRead MoreThe Outcome Of Germany Won The Battle Of Stalingrad1792 Words   |  8 Pageschallenged them. The German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact was signed on August 23, 1939 shortly before World War 2. In this document, both countries promised to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years. However, during the war, Hitler found Russia a necessity to enhance his world power through the Volga River. For six months Germans and Russians fought scrupulously. Nazi troops fought their way into the heart of Stalingrad yet, with winter arriving, they found themselves cold, starvingRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 Pagesup to the private sector almost to run the market. Entry of the United States world war 1 Non-Intervention - The United States originally pursued a policy of non-intervention, avoiding conflict while trying to broker a peace. - When a German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania in 1915, with 128 Americans aboard, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson vowed, America is too proud to fight and demanded an end to attacks on passenger ships. Germany complied. - Wilson unsuccessfully triedRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 PagesGeorge Orwell England Your England As I write, highly civilized human beings are flying overhead, trying to kill me. They do not feel any enmity against me as an individual, nor I against them. They are ‘only doing their duty’, as the saying goes. Most of them, I have no doubt, are kind-hearted lawabiding men who would never dream of committing murder in private life. On the other hand, if one of them succeeds in blowing me to pieces with a well-placed bomb, he will never sleep any the worse forRead MoreEssay on The Cold Embrace6525 Words   |  27 Pagesacknowledging the presence of any other human being in the room, she walked out toward the kitchen, probably either to get a drink of water, or to find Eric, the group leader. Leonard had always wondered why it was that she was so consumed by hatred for the Germans. Admittedly, few people in the world had any real reason to love the Nazis, especially with them burning their way across half of New England and in control of or allied with most of rest o f the world. Still, Christinas hatred seemed much moreRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagessocioeconomic shifts that represented watershed transformations in where humans lived, how they earned their livings, and their unprecedented ability to move about the globe. Moya and McKeown set the patterns of migration in the twentieth century against those extending back millennia, and they compare in imaginative ways the similarities and differences among diverse flows in different geographical areas and across ethnic communities and social strata. They consider not only the nature, volumeRead MoreBrand Case Studies.Docx23428 Words   |  94 Pagesgroup of employees. The system enabled Pamp;G to design and customize its marketing strategies for each brand... ------------------------------------------------- The Category Management ModelUnder the CMM, the brand managers did not compete against each other with similar product brands -contrary to the idea envisioned by McElroy. For instance, in the detergent product category, brands like Tide and Cheer shared the available marketing expenditure and other financial resources but were not allowedRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesstrategic management. If skills development is most important, then the purpose of the text should be to help participants understand concepts and analytical tools which they can apply and practice. Most of the case examples and case studies lend themselves to an analytical approach, and participants should be set tasks that require them to produce detailed and practical solutions. Work assignments for the illustrations and at chapter ends should be useful to test skills development and the understanding

Digital Music Industry free essay sample

Many people are still perplexed how you are my love (a very popular song on the internet in China) has become popular, which is also considered cheesy from the view point of some mainstream recording industries and organizations. According to Ghana, CEO of the Idol Entertainment Ltd, this represents neither a retrogression of society, nor a down step In terms of culture. It Is normally a reflection of the current music market, which is to satisfy the consumers demands fundamentally. In fact, music online is currently receiving both profit and widespread acclaim, drawing lines tit recording industry and traditional music profit modal (Ghana, 2006). This report alms to give knowledge about several evolutions that have been created in the digital music industry in China, and additionally, to consider some feasible steps to enhance this industry. In order to complete it, several evolution in Chinas digital music industry, such as, the wave of TV competition, the change In the scope consu mer, and so on, will be mentioned, and dependable steps will be explained. II. Brief introduction of digital music industry It is too difficult to find out the exact time and place the music first appeared in unmans. In brief, It can be sure that music has been Influencing people for thousand years. According to electronic technologies, people have been being to keep music on records since 200 years ago (Hung, 2007). In 1877, Thomas Edison invented sound retention technology which can capture songs. Soon afterwards, the gramophone was created, which support people to save music.In 1987, MPEG Audio Layer 3 (MPH) was first Invented, which has ability to satisfy more storage and lead us to a new generation of music called digital music (Hung, 2007). Over the 5-year time, from 2005 to 2010, the Chinese music Industry has faced Its age challenges because of the advanced Internet connection (Kennedy, 2010). Comparing with traditional modals, convenience is the biggest change brought about by digital music. On the file-sharing networks, digital music files can be easily found, which also can be translated to be a compression (MPH, PDF, AVIVA and so on) and exchanged online In a short time (Ghana, 2006).However, people nowadays can conveniently enjoy different types of music using modern tolls (PCs and handset music players like MPH player, mobile phone). In addition, since digital music was out f blending with physical products, technology companies (Apples tunes and pod, Real networks, Microsoft), online content providers (Yahoo! , Launch, Bald), traditional stores (Amazon, Walter), have acted new roles to sell digital music to consumers on line and created more new areas in digital music industry as well (Ailing Petit, 2006).A. Digital music sale In 2006, the sales volume for global digital music increased sharply, which was near Kennedy, 2006). The digital revenues of music companies grew around 12% globally in 2009 totaling USED 4. 2 billion. Some specialists expect that the total value of digital USIA will hit USED 15 billion by 2010, around 25% of total market sales, while the traditional record CD music market will decrease from USED 27. 3 billion to SUDSY. 6 billion. (Kennedy, 2010) In China, the total sales value of digital music reached ARM 3. Billion in 2005, which Nas the first time it exceeded the traditional music market. In the follow years 2007-?2008), the sales volume of digital music reached ARM 5. 8 billion and ARM 8. 1 billion respectively (Ghana, 2006). During the period between 2006 and 2010, the development of digital music has been on the fast track especially when 36 application has provided an unprecedented power for digital music in China :Kennedy, 2010). Ill. The evolution of Chinas digital music industry A.Hot TV competitions In the past, our life was enhanced by the development of digital music industry, For example, American Idol, one of the most famous reality television competitions to find new singing talent, was created by Simon Fuller in 2002 (Roadman, 2010). As a result of the programmers success, competitions were constantly held in China, some of which have been significant, For example, Super Girls, Happy Boys, both are created by Human TV (a television station in China). There is a common ground in these competitions which is allowing any people to participate (Yang, 2009).Currently, a few songs have been introduced to the public through the channels of recording companies, but the most popular means of spreading songs has been online. In other words, the television now offers opportunities for unknown musicians to step into national or global (Yang, 2009). 3. Advances of the Internet Since 2004, a lot of cover version music websites of distinct sizes have begun to develop into the Internet. The earliest website in China was 163888. Et, from which many web singers have become well known (Ghana, 2006).Ever since then, many people have insanely attempted to access cover version music websites, because they think they can become famous, Just like a few of the popular web singers had done although the probability of becoming successful is as slim as winning the lottery (Ghana, 2006). Up to now, many advanced singers have been found in China, such as He lie, Change shushing and so on (Yang, 2009). Anyway;ay, Internet nowadays is wonderful platform on a human scale. Nowadays, another bee-line to Join in show business is to be a web singer.For recording companies, the Internet is another experimental field. Firstly, people roll out their music online (to become web singer) and fascinate many fans if their music is successful (indicated by popularity ratings), next, the recording companies would contract them if their music is popular online. Finally, the recording companies will recording songs and for recording companies, in other word, Just as important as playing songs in a ranking list in radio stations. C. From monopoly to public The increasing popularity of web songs has helped to improve the music business.In contrast, the previous mode has been laggard because of the monopolizing by a few major elite music companies (Ghana, 2006). Every music fan is currently fascinated with the dissemination of musical industry digital interface (MIDI) in producing his or her own music. In addition, if we say the MPH player represents a revolution in terms of music dissemination, in that way, MIDI can be considered to be the delegate of a music revolution in music production (Kennedy, 2006). In the past, producing a song needs to be helped by other musicians and musical instruments costing at least 10,000 Yuan in China. Nowadays, depend on the advances of technology, the computer can uses musical industry digital interface to simulate all musical instruments almost at around 300 to 500 Yuan (Ghana, 2006), thus, a huge reducing cost in producing music. D. From middle-class to low-class consumers In real life, genuine CDC are less popular in China, because they are much more expensive. A copyrighted record is a luxury item that is subject to restrictions due to many factors, some of which would include: its high price, the hardware device (CD player), and the cost of retail channels (Ghana, 2006).Bearing this in mind, most cording companies can only sell their copyrighted records to middle-class consumers. Therefore, selling digital music online is another option, which is cheaper and faster and recording companies continue to pursue (Hamilton, 2009). Due to technological advancement, many consumers have benefited as the mobile phone has helped to sell music and has taken the place of traditional shop s (Ghana, 2006). In addition, handset music is very affordable. For instance, every song lasting from 3 to minims, costs only about 2 to 3 Yuan in China (Hung, 2007).It is fundamentally expanding the scope of purchase from middle-class to low-class nonusers, hence increasing the numbers of consumers. In the future, more and more people will prefer handset music and the musical mobile phone will be increasingly popular. IV. Steps to further enhance this industry Chinas piracy activities have affected the healthy development of the online music market seriously. According to the report of International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, there are around 7200 music download sites, only 10% of companies are authorized in China. Physical piracy levels in China continue to be the highest in the world, with over 85% of the units sold being pirate. As a result of the number of internet user increases, digital piracy in China is progressively worsening :Kennedy, 2006). However, piracy is still the knottiest problem in Chinese music A. Strengthening the protection of music copyright 1 . Companies There are several practical steps which companies can use to avoid copyright theft on their organizations computers and classified systems, and also cope with the security and illegal problems.According to the Music Industry Piracy Investigations MIPS), protecting wireless and controlling file-sharing, these two steps are recommended to use. For many company, wireless connection is widely used. Therefore, companies have to make sure that wireless connection to their network and the internet are encrypted especially in China, fortunately, many software have been created in China, like safe, Rising Antivirus software (RASA), which provide a safe situation for the internet so that these connections are not exposed for illegal purposes.In the future, protective software should be more progressive although they are still working and effective now (Kennedy, 2006). In addition, the easiest way of reducing copyright and security problems in organizations and companies is prohibiting unauthorized soft installations and file- sharing activity on their team machines (Marking, 2003). Software like freeware Digital File Check can effectively scan or remove file sharing software from personal computers (Marking, 2003). However, these two steps can almost block negative web suitors and prevent internet situation for companies. . Individual In real life, people lose attention to the copyr ight protection, or never come to understand what is copyright, as downloading music has been an unscrupulous practice for some time in China. Hence, for each individual, self-discipline is the most important attitude, and self-check is an effective way to avoid becoming illegal file- shares. In practice, using Digital File Check, which is a free software for all computer users to remove or avoid any unwanted programmer (Kennedy, 2006). Moreover, MN. W. Pro-music. Rug is a useful website, which provides anything you need to know about online music that takes on a gateway to around 350 legitimate sites and is a main resource of information about music on the internet (Kennedy, 2006). 3. Government Music piracy has created a lot of negative results: Job losses, destroying creativity and decreasing governments tax revenues (Kennedy, 2006). Intellectual property rights and enforcements are the foundations for modern economy, and there are necessary steps, like strict penalties, effective prosecutions and education, which are pivotal for government.In brief, effective actions should be taken out by governments and work with the music industry to against piracy. A. To cooperate with Internet Service Providers (Sips) The music industry is a sector that provides Jobs, brings pleasure to billions of remark enforced. Internet Service Providers have a main Job to block web-based piracy. Most customer contracts make clear that if users infringe copyright regulations, they will be terminated (Marking, 2003), but in China, the situation is out of control. In contrast, in some EX. countries, many governments have been acting to enforce fair legal framework by using a Customs Regulation to put an end to pirated goods at the EX. borders (Kennedy, 2006). However, the Chinese government should remind Sips of their responsibilities and make sure that this force-out clause could work (Kennedy, b. Updating laws We have to recognize that it is digital age nowadays, but many countries still have mainly-era copyright laws in a digital age which includes China.For the protection of copyright, the Chinese government needs to update its rule to make sure that loopholes are closed (Ghana, 2006). In addition, Chinese government should communicates with the World Trade Organization (WTFO) Trips agreement and the Nor Intellectual Property Organization (WIPE) Treaties, which can provide effectual and seasonal information to prevent the long-term development of the economy of the Chinese music industry (Kennedy, 2006). Public Education Many countries have realized that copyright is exactly a long-term concept that improves creativity and basic sustainable economic growth (Ghana, 2006).In Australia, the Attorney-General used his role as a platform for explaining the importance of copyright to his countrys music industry economy (Kennedy, 2006). Ere Finnish government provides special schools that they use to widely educate Children laws, together with interrelated subjects they have created in many universities (Roadman, 2010). However, Chinese government has continued to ignore the education of copyright laws to general public, in other words, the government of China should attach importance to the education of preventing copyright for the purpose of creating a healthy music industry. . Improving the network platform Building a well-rounded online marketing platform to provide quality services is at present the most effective way for digital music industry to achieve a breakthrough yang, 2009). Ac cording to the development of G-technology, online music and mobile music will be closed: users list to music through mobile phones and managing music by using PC. Moreover, users can easily use the ring tones, polyphonic Remington and other wireless music service to download songs (Kennedy, 006).Therefore, online digital music will develop in long term. In the future, digital music services should no longer only focus on the advanced technology as increasing the number of licensed music, other services like user registration would be the next aims of development (Ailing Petit, 2006). Chinese digital market has great potential in the future. Therefore, variety business models should be created except for free audio-visual + advertising profit (traditional profit model).The key for further expansion of online music market IS to blend other services, such as mobile phone, games and blobs: paying members an use background music during chatting or browsing blob, additionally cooperating Ninth music platform websites, entertainment portals, recording companies, telecoms operators and carriers, mobile phone manufacturers, thus creating further prof its Cinch, 2007). As a result of the advance of 36 application and wireless technology, mobile should be neatly regarded as a computer with wireless function. Hence, digital music can cooperate with powerful companies, such as Monika, Motorola, Sony- Ericson. As long as this step done, mobile phone users can download music Never and wherever possible. V. Conclusion To sum up, the evolution of digital music industry in China is showed in 4 aspects. Firstly, many televisions competitions have been created in China, some of them such as Super Girls, Happy Boys have beautified Chinese daily life. Secondly, internet has been a popular platform for people to show their literary or artistic talent.Moreover, recoding companies also have benefited that they can easily find promising singers on line. Thirdly, every music fan nowadays can spend only around 400 Yuan in China to produce his or her own music using the MIDI technology. Finally, compared with he high price of genuine CDC, the cost of downloading music on line is much lower, therefore, more and more people prefer using handset music players like mobile phone, Touch to download music on internet. Thus, the scope of purchase has been expanded form middle-class to low-class consumers. Chinese digital music industry is full of wonderful outlook.In order to improve this industry, the protection of music copyright must be paid more attention to, for companies and individual, using ready resources (soft ware like freeware Digital File) to maintain their self-protection is the most efficient way. For Chinese government, 3 tepees must be carried out. Firstly, to cooperate with Internet Service Providers because which have a main Job to block web-based piracy. Secondly, Chinese government should communicate with the WTFO Trips agreement and the WIPE to get seasonal information of law of music industry.Finally, Chinese government should not only stop ignoring the copyright problems but also attaching importance to the education of copyright in order to create a healthy music industry. In addition, China should improve the network platform and explore different kinds of profit models to enhance the digital music economy. II. Recommendation Digital music will bring a greater variety of music to people in China. Undoubtedly, the digital music industry will surely creates more diversity to our lives and leads us to a brighter future. Today, China has a population of 1. Billion (one sixth of the huge. There is no a doubt that the Chinese digital music industry itself has been getting better, but one extra field that this industry has to consider, which is the degree of satisfaction in consumption. The idea here is that music can be easily transmitted to users. Therefore, a carrier can achieve success in the digital music field only by trying o acquire a better understanding of customers real needs. In order to realize this idea, taking a complete industry chain is the basic point (Kennedy, 2010).A carrier can successfully develop services as long as a complete industry chain has been constructed. In addition, from new song releases to music sales, from the protection of copyright to being a music supplier, digital music, which is an integration of the IT industry and the recording companies, requires the support an industry chain :Kennedy, 2010). To help carriers reach this goal, one good step for music companies s to build up a worldwide digital music industry chain, which will cover all parts of the industry chain and provide integrated services to carriers.Due to the advance technologies, there is another area must be mentioned, which is Mobile Phone. In our experiences, 1 5 years ago the mobile was purely a device for making voice calls. Now it is a camera, MPH player, organizer and taxing device. In real life, playing music by mobile phone has been no longer a fresh thing, but less mobile phone make and produce music. In the future, a mobile phone will not be a phone, which should be considered to be a computer. Because of this, making music and producing music can be the next aim of development for digital music industry and cell-phone industry.

Brother Man - Roger Mais free essay sample

In Roger Mais’ Brother Man, the author uses various narrative techniques such as flask back, characterization, setting, themes, plot, and foreshadow to narrate the story. Each technique shall be described in detail in the remainder of this analysis. The use of flash back is evident in Part Three, Chapter Three (pg. 109) when John ‘Brother Man’ Power begins to compose his will and testament. During this composition his entire life up to his arrival in Orange Lane (his current place of residence) is made known to the audience and images of his childhood in the church, his introduction to Rastafarianism, and the days before he became a religious man are brought into focus. Similarly in Part Four, Chapter Thirteen (pg. 154-6), Brother Man describes to Minette an incident which occurs during his youth. Through this description the reader is taken to an earlier point in Brother Man’s life, and is given insight to how he became the man he is at the time in which the story is actually occurring. Roger Mais develops characterization not through lengthy descriptions or introduction but abruptly via the ‘Chorus of People in the Lane’, a recurring element (motif) which precedes each new section of the novel. The first ‘Chorus of People in the Lane’ which heralds Part 1 of the novel informs the reader that â€Å"Bra’ Man show de gospel way†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , thus, instantaneously the reader is aware of the fact that Brother Man is a religious person. Characterization is further developed through the way in which characters interact with one another, the way they react in certain situations and occasionally the reader is given direct insight to what the character is thinking. The novel Brother Man is set in 1950s Jamaica. The entire novel seems to take place during the year 1951 as Brother Man states in his will and testament, â€Å"I, John Power, thirty-four years/was born in the parish of Kingston, in the year Nineteen Hundred Seventeen†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , thus, being thirty four years after 1917, the setting of the novel may be calculated to be 1951. Many themes are explored in the novel Brother Man. Love can be seen between many of the characters, not only those engaged in romantic relationships but also between family members such as Jesmina and Cordelia, or friends like the love between Jesmina and Minette. The theme of deception centers mainly around the character Papacita, not only does he deceive Girlie about his infidelity, he also deceives law men such as Corporal Jennings about his illegal activities. Religion is explored mainly through the actions of the character Brother Man who is devout in his belief in God and is an avid reader of the bible. Other religions namely Rastafarianism and Obeah (some may consider a religion) are also dealt with. The themes of insanity and desperation are best highlighted through the actions of Cordelia, who loses her mind after a succession of tragedies: her husband is incarcerated, she falls ill; her infant son also becomes sick with a mysterious illness. Desperate to cure her child’s illness she turns to obeah and when this too has failed her she suffocates her child before hanging herself. Abuse is evident in the relationship between the characters Girlie and Papacita, a relationship so abusive it ultimately ends in death. Hatred is evident in many relationships within the novel. As the novel comes to an end the villagers display such a hatred for Brother Man that they beat him to within an inch of his life and leave him to die. Greed is best explored through the actions of characters Papacita and Fellows as both men counterfeit money as their means of employment. Jealousy and insecurity are highlighted through the actions of Girlie. A woman so jealous and insecure about her partner’s infidelity that stabs and kills him. However, jealousy and insecurity may also be seen in Papacita’s actions. Jealous of the feelings he suspects Minette may have for Brother Man and insecure that she may prefer Brother Man to him, he frames Brother Man and has him arrested. There are many plots within the novel Brother Man, the main plot centers around the protagonist John ‘Brother Man’ Power, a Rastafarian known throughout his community as a healer and a man of God. As the novel progresses Brother Man’s fame becomes renowned and he develops numerous followers as well as adversaries. One of these adversaries is Bra’ Ambo an obeah man who is threatened by the increase in Brother Man’s fame as it diminishes person’s belief in his own abilities as a healer. Another of Brother Man’s adversaries is Cordelia, first a believer and supporter of Brother Man, she turns against him after he fails to cure her infant son from a mysterious illness. Turning from Bra’ Man Cordelia throws herself into the clutches of Bra’ Ambo and his obeah, however, the obeah also fails to cure her son and Cordelia’s mental state begin to gradually deteriorate. Cordelia holds Brother Man responsible for her child not being cured from his mysterious illness, thus, before being driven completely out of her mind she affiliates herself with another of Brother Man’s enemies, Papacita. Papacita is a womanizing counterfeiter who, despite the fact that he has a wife, covets Minette, a nineteen year old runaway who lives with and is in love with Brother Man. Thus, in an attempt to ruin Brother Man’s reputation, and in Papacita’s case to remove suspicion from himself, Papacita and Cordelia frames him by planting counterfeit coins in his house and informing the police. Brother Man is arrested and subsequently released on bail which is posted ironically by Papacita in an attempt to win Minette. Though Brother Man is released and is neither trialed nor convicted for the crime many of his followers have lost faith in him. Brother Man’s arrest coupled with recent heinous crimes committed by Rastafarians leads them to believe that all ‘bearded’ men are â€Å"just scum off the street†. Eventually the villagers’ contempt for Rastafarians comes to a head when they beat Brother Man mercilessly and leave him lying unconscious in the street. The novel ends with Brother Man being transported home by three of his faithful friends, he is nursed back to health by Minette, whose love though reluctant to at first he has requited. Papacita is in no way devastated by Minette’s choice of Brother Man over himself as he has been stabbed to death by his jealous wife. Cordelia too is unfazed by the events in the end of the novel as she has hung herself after suffocating her infant son. In Part One, Chapter Eight (pg. 38) Girlie and Papacita begin to argue, during the argument Girlie grabs a knife and yells â€Å"I’ll chop you up fine†, this may be considered a foreshadow of Papacita’s murder as he dies by Girlie’s slender hands tightly gripping a clasp-knife. Another instance of foreshadow is displayed in Part Two, Chapter 14 (pg.102), while ‘Flying Saucers’ pursue a Rastafarian who had committed several crimes one marvels, â€Å"next time he holds up somebody it might be murder, you never can tell†, while another replies, â€Å"sure, his kind you never can tell†, this foreshadows the events of Part Four, Chapter Twenty (pg. 164-5) where a Rastafarian, po ssibly the same one, stabs a young man in his face; killing him, before stabbing and raping a young woman. How does Religion play a huge part in the novel? Religion is an important aspect in the novel Brother Man, throughout the novel Bra’ Man is almost symbolic of Jesus Christ. Firstly, he begins performing small miracles such as healing the sick; he prays with his neighbours and gradually causes them to accept the power of God. Then, he gains many followers; however, when Cordelia, somewhat of a Judas to him, betrays him by planting counterfeit money in his home and he is arrested his followers turn away from him and persecute him; he is beaten in the streets and left for dead, nevertheless, he is taken home and â€Å"on the evening of the third day† he awakes â€Å"out of a deep sleep†. Other ‘religions’ such as Rastafarianism and obeah are also explored in the novel. Members of the Rastafarianism Movement are looked down upon; they are scorned and hated, while those characters that practice obeah, namely Cordelia, perish before the end of the novel. The novel is set in an actual place, Orange Lane, Kingston, Jamaica which is described by the narrator as a ghetto. In the first ‘Chorus of People in the Lane’ the narrator uses words such as, ‘dingy chasm of a narrow lane’, ‘seamy sidewalk’, ‘green-slimed concrete cistern’, and ‘lean-to-pit-latrine in the yard’ to emphasize to the reader immediately the squalor in which the characters of the story live.